ChiroACCESS: Procedure Overview of Manipulation, Chiropractic

Overview Articles (9) Review Sections (27) Products (1)

Manipulation, Chiropractic

Chiropractic manipulation is the active mechanical or manual movement of a joint beyond its normal passive range of motion. Mobilization is active manual or mechanical movement of a joint within its normal passive range of motion.

Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) Information

MeSH Term: Manipulation, Chiropractic

Scope Note: Procedures used by chiropractors to treat neuromusculoskeletal complaints.

MeSH Synonyms:

Manipulation, Chiropractic
Chiropractic Manipulation
Spinal Adjustment, Chiropractic
Adjustment, Chiropractic Spinal
Adjustments, Chiropractic Spinal
Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment
Chiropractic Spinal Adjustments
Spinal Adjustments, Chiropractic
Chiropractic Adjustment
Adjustment, Chiropractic

Applicable MeSH Subheadings:

adverse effects
contraindications
economics
ethics
history
instrumentation
methods
nursing
psychology
standards
statistics and numerical data
trends
utilization
veterinary

See Related MeSH Terms:

One-Click Literature Search

Manipulation, Chiropractic AND Contraindications

Manipulation, Chiropractic AND Methods

Manipulation, Chiropractic AND Utilization

Informative Links

Current Clinical Trials Relating to Manipulation, Chiropractic

ClinicalTrials.gov: Provides patients, family members, and members of the public easy and free access to information on clinical studies for a wide range of diseases and conditions.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Chiropractic Manipulation Versus Medical Therapy for Chronic Neck Pain
(Status: Completed)

The Effect of Chiropractic Manipulation on Spine-Related Pain and Balance in Older Adults
(Status: Recruiting)

Comparison of Activator Manipulation Versus Manual Side Posture Manipulation in Patients With Low Back Pain
(Status: Completed)

Clinical Assessment of Two Manipulative Protocols in Treatment of Hip Osteoarthritis
(Status: Not yet recruiting)

Feasibility Study of Short-Term Effects of Chiropractic Manipulation on Older Adults With Impaired Balance
(Status: Completed)

Elderly Back Pain: Comparing Chiropractic to Medical Care
(Status: Completed)

Chiropractic Prone Distraction for Lower Back Pain
(Status: Terminated)

Manipulation, Exercise, and Self-Care for Neck Pain
(Status: Completed)

Manipulation or Microdiscectomy For Sciatica? A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.
(Status: Completed)

The Effect of Chiropractic Treatment on Infantile Colic A Randomized, Controlled Trial
(Status: Not yet recruiting)

Manipulation, Exercise, and Self-Care for Low Back Pain
(Status: Completed)

Chiropractic Management of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Older Adults
(Status: Recruiting)

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Best Approach to Care Compared to Diversified Chiropractic Adjustive Technique
(Status: Completed)

Changes in the Ankle Range of Motion Following Subtalar Joint Manipulation
(Status: Not yet recruiting)

Chiropractic for Hypertension in Patients
(Status: Recruiting)

The Effects of Cervical Spine Manipulation On Postural Control
(Status: Completed)

Heart Rate Variability Modulation Following a Manipulation in Pain Free Patients Versus Patients in Pain
(Status: Completed)

Predicting Patients' Response to Spinal Manipulation
(Status: Completed)

Relative Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Cervical Manipulation, Mobilisation and the Activator Instrument in Patients With Sub-acute Non-specific Neck Pain: a Pragmatic Randomised Trial
(Status: Completed)

Chiropractic and Self-care for Back-Related Leg Pain
(Status: Active, not recruiting)

20 Clinical Trials Returned

Healthcare "Beyond Category": Sic Transit Chiropractic Silos

Anthony L. Rosner, Ph.D., LL.D.[Hon.]
But what distinguishes AK is its emphasis upon proprioceptive responses of the muscle rather than the facilitation of the muscle itself. It essentially sees muscle function as a transcript of the central integrative state of the anterior horn motoneurons, summing all excitatory and inhibitory inputs.6 In other words, the locus of dysfunction ultimately rests with the nervous system.

ChiroACCESS | Published On 3/10/2010 12:00:00 AM

More Evidence Supporting the Effectiveness of Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation for Cervicogenic Headache

ChiroACCESS Editorial Staff
A study published in the February 2010 issue of The Spine Journal added additional evidence supporting the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulation (SMT) for cervicogenic headache (CGH).

ChiroACCESS | Published On 3/5/2010 12:00:00 AM

Animals and Chiropractic

ChiroACCESS Editorial Staff
There have been many favorable articles in the lay literature describing the value of chiropractic care for animals but scientific publications have been sparse. The first article indexed by the National Library of Medicine appeared in the early 1960s and many years passed before the next indexed entry. During the last decade the quantity and quality of the research supporting the value of chiropractic care for animals has improved.

ChiroACCESS | Published On 2/17/2010 12:00:00 AM

Technique Summary: Gonstead Technique

Gonstead Clinical Studies Society
The Gonstead Technique was originated by Clarence Selmer Gonstead (1898-1978). Dr. Gonstead encountered chiropractic care when severe leg and foot pains, which were resistant to conventional medical care, responded to chiropractic adjustments. This event prompted Dr. Gonstead to seek a chiropractic education.

ChiroACCESS | Published On 2/8/2010 12:00:00 AM

Revisiting the S-Word: A Fresh Look at the Subluxation

Anthony L. Rosner, Ph.D., LL.D.[Hon.]
Now that the second decade of the second millennium is upon us, together with the prospect of Spring Cleaning, it seems entirely appropriate to consider that perhaps the time has arrived to update both our conceptualization and exposition of the subluxation. In terms of how frequently one performs these updates compared to Microsoft, for instance, this shouldn’t be too much of a stretch. Think of it as Subluxation 2.0, 2.2, 2.7, 4.2…or whatever. But the larger picture is that better accessibility of the s-word by various healthcare professions in addition to chiropractic is clearly a necessity.

ChiroACCESS | Published On 2/4/2010 12:00:00 AM

Technique Summary: Activator Method

Dr. Arlan W. Fuhr
The Activator Method is part of the tradition of instrument adjusting in chiropractic dating to the first decade of the profession, and even farther back into antiquity. Credit for the origin of the Activator adjusting instrument rests with two rural Minnesota practitioners (Arlan W. Fuhr and Warren C. Lee). Activator Method assessment procedures have multiple conceptual roots, all of which are anchored in various subluxation theories.

ChiroACCESS | Published On 1/12/2010 12:00:00 AM

Government Support and the Research Challenges of Chiropractic Pediatrics

ChiroACCESS Editorial Staff
Dr. Dennis Leduc, a McGill University pediatrician recently stated that “There are no physical ailments in childhood, whether they be ear infections, asthma, or other physical problems, that have ever been shown to be amenable to chiropractic manipulation or therapy.” The story released Friday by The StarPhoenix reports that the concern is over 5,297 chiropractic pediatric treatments at the cost of $80,921 paid in Saskatchewan this last year. The Health Ministry is considering if it will continue to subsidize chiropractic pediatric care in Saskatchewan.

ChiroACCESS | Published On 11/30/2009 12:00:00 AM

Where the Money Is: A Case of Tracking Suspects in Reforming Healthcare Delivery

Anthony L. Rosner, Ph.D., LL.D.[Hon.]
As everyone knows, this is a period of a major economic downturn and bailouts to major economic institutions, including our banks. With obsessions as to how safe our funds are, some have even gone so far as to revive interest in such storied bank robbers of the Depression Era, such as John Dillinger or Willie Sutton. So with apologies to Willie Sutton's infamous remark as to why he robbed banks ["Because that's where the money is"], it may be useful to reconsider the cost-effectiveness-in-healthcare delivery issue from another perspective which may tell us exactly what Mr. Sutton was driving at. In other words, where are the real mother lodes when it comes to locating healthcare dollar expenditures? And how would this relate to chiropractic care?

ChiroACCESS | Published On 7/6/2009 12:00:00 AM

Chiropractic: the Challenge of Avoiding Injury

Harrison Ndetan, MSc., MPH
The chiropractic profession relies largely upon specialized manual therapy procedures (adjustment/manipulation) as a means of patient care. The methods of delivering chiropractic adjustments are not homogeneous and often require complex motor skills. These manipulative procedures involve biomechanical variables such as velocity, amplitude and the line of drive of force. Consideration of these variables is important in order to render them therapeutically safe and functionally effective. Learning these techniques in private practice or in chiropractic colleges is a process that involves significant repetition. These teaching methods have potentially damaging effects. Doctors or students learning new manipulative procedures are initially at greater risk in the skill acquisition phase, when the neuromuscular system is adapting to the new skills associated with the manipulative procedure. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that work related musculoskeletal disorders are common among health providers. Chiropractors also risk injuries of various types related to their work. Some DC's are forced to leave practice due to injury sustained in practice. Thus, an emphasis needs to be placed upon safety to ensure practice longevity.

Parker College of Chiropractic Research Institute | Published On 2/5/2008 12:00:00 AM

Chiropractic (Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Therapy)

Three studies above the level of a case report were located. Of these, 2 had positive effects and 1 demonstrated no effect. Lantz et al found in a case series of 42 patients treated with Diversified....

Published On 1/14/2008 12:00:00 AM

Chiropractic (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Therapy)

The only chiropractic study located is a RCT which combined cervical adjustments, carpal bone manipulation, ultrasound and splinting in one group and standard medical care in the other. This design....

Published On 3/31/2009 12:00:00 AM

Chiropractic (Fibromyalgia: Therapy)

A randomized control crossover trial of 21 subjects receiving spinal manipulation, soft tissue manipulation and passive stretching showed improvement in pain, straight leg raise and spinal range of....

Published On 10/1/2006 12:00:00 AM

Chiropractic (Osteoarthritis: Therapy)

One study was located that explored chiropractic treatment for back pain from OA. This study was a RCT of 258 patients that compared chiropractic care plus heat packs to heat packs alone.....

Published On 2/28/2007 12:00:00 AM

Chiropractic (Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: Therapy)

Very limited information relating to TMD and chiropractic is available in the scientific literature. One case series of 8 patients treated with the Activator protocol demonstrated improvement based....

Published On 10/15/2006 12:00:00 AM

Chiropractic Manipulation of the Foot (Plantar Fasciitis: Therapy)

A single small RCT of 20 subjects compared manipulation of the foot and ankle and stretching with a control group using orthotics. Both groups showed improvement over baseline with the manipulation....

Published On 9/1/2006 12:00:00 AM

Functional Treatment (High Ankle Sprain: Therapy)

A variety of specific interventions have been reported although rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE) appear to be a consistent starting phase in the literature (4-6). This period lasts from 1....

Published On 6/16/2008 12:00:00 AM

Functional Treatment (Lateral Ankle Sprain: Therapy)

Functional treatment consists of RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), a short period of immobilization and protection with a brace or elastic bandage. This is followed by early range of motion....

Published On 5/21/2008 12:00:00 AM

Ischemic Compression (Myofascial Pain Syndromes: Therapy)

Ischemic compression (IC) was described in the first edition of The Trigger Point Manual as a method to reduce MTrPs (40). Since that time, Simons has replaced that concept with a gentler....

Published On 9/2/2007 12:00:00 AM

Manipulation (Cervicogenic Headache: Therapy)

Although fewer studies have been performed than one would like, there is a growing body of evidence supporting cervical manipulation as an effective intervention in the treatment of CH. A recent....

Published On 1/2/2007 12:00:00 AM

Manipulation Under Anesthesia (Acute Juvenile Cervical Torticollis: Therapy)

Two case studies reported improvement in 2 patients with AARF that did not respond to conservative treatment (19;26).

Published On 5/21/2009 12:00:00 AM

Manipulation/Mobilization (Lateral Ankle Sprain: Therapy)

Four RCTs were located relating manipulation or mobilization to the treatment of ankle sprain. The mobilization RCT included 38 patients with acute ankle sprain randomized into a RICE + mobilization....

Published On 5/21/2008 12:00:00 AM

Manipulation/Mobilization (Otitis Media: Therapy)

The single RCT evaluating manipulation/mobilization is a small osteopathic study of 57 children. This study utilized “balanced membrane tension”, “balanced ligamentous tension”, “facilitated....

Published On 4/18/2008 12:00:00 AM

Manipulation/Mobilization (Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: Therapy)

Several randomized controlled trials (RCT) address the efficacy of manipulation or mobilization in the treatment of shoulder pain. In a RCT of 150 patients with mixed diagnosis resulting in shoulder....

Published On 1/7/2008 12:00:00 AM

Mobilization/Manipulation (Tennis Elbow: Therapy)

A small RCT of 31 patients compared manipulation of the wrist (9 visits over 6 weeks) to a combination of ultrasound, friction massage, exercise and stretching (9 visits over 6 weeks). Manipulation....

Published On 12/1/2006 12:00:00 AM

Multimodal Care (Acute Whiplash Injuries: Therapy)

Multimodal care (MMC) consists of exercise combined with mobilization or manipulation. Two recent reviews have found strong evidence to support MMC in the treatment of acute and subacute mechanical....

Published On 5/1/2007 12:00:00 AM

Musculoskeletal Manipulation/Mobilization (Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Therapy)

A recent review of the literature stated there is fair evidence that manipulative therapy of the knee combined with multimodal therapy or exercise is effective in the treatment of PFPS (25). A....

Published On 6/18/2009 12:00:00 AM

Spinal Manipulation (Acute Juvenile Cervical Torticollis: Therapy)

Spinal manipulation has been reported as a treatment method for AJCT. Although most published evidence in the literature is limited to adult cases (13-15), there is one published case report of a....

Published On 5/21/2009 12:00:00 AM

Spinal Manipulation (Asthma: Therapy)

Anecdotal evidence and tradition within the chiropractic community, similarly to traditional osteopathic medicine, has generally supported the use of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) in the....

Published On 2/11/2009 12:00:00 AM

Spinal Manipulation (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Therapy)

Several small case series were located that indicate spinal manipulation may be of value in treating ADHD (21-23). None of these studies were RCT’s so a cause and effect relationship can not be....

Published On 11/5/2009 12:00:00 AM

Spinal Manipulation (Dizziness of Cervical Origin: Therapy)

Palmgren et al found, in their RCT of 41 subjects, that high velocity, low amplitude spinal manipulation in combination with stability exercises improved JPE, range of motion and pain in patients....

Published On 8/2/2007 12:00:00 AM

Spinal Manipulation (Episodic Tension-type Headache: Therapy)

Although a Cochrane review stated “spinal manipulation may be effective for migraine and chronic tension-type headache”, little evidence exists relating to the efficacy of spinal manipulation for....

Published On 1/22/2010 12:00:00 AM

Spinal Manipulation (Lumbar Facet Pain: Therapy)

Although many studies demonstrating the efficacy of spinal manipulation for the treatment of acute, subacute and chronic low back pain have been published, studies on properly diagnosed LFMP are....

Published On 8/11/2008 12:00:00 AM

Spinal Manipulative Therapy (Biomechanical Sacroiliac Joint Pain: Therapy)

The only randomized controlled trial located relating to spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) compared standard HVLA adjustments to Activator adjustments in patients diagnosed with “sacroiliac joint....

Published On 6/25/2007 12:00:00 AM

Spinal Manipulative Therapy (Myofascial Pain Syndromes: Therapy)

Two separate studies were located which suggest that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) may be an effective short-term intervention in the treatment of MTrPs although outcomes were more closely....

Published On 9/2/2007 12:00:00 AM

Trigger Point Pressure Release (Myofascial Pain Syndromes: Therapy)

As mentioned above trigger point pressure release has replaced ischemic compression as an intervention for MTrPs by Simons (44). Use of pressure release is based on application of theory, clinical....

Published On 9/2/2007 12:00:00 AM

Trigger Points/Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (Episodic Tension-type Headache: Prevention)

Whether these conditions are precipitating factors or simply coexist with ETTH is a matter of debate. Svenssen argues the conditions overlap and one is not necessarily responsible for the other (17).....

Published On 12/1/2009 12:00:00 AM

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